Why Do Garden Catalogs Use Latin Names?

Have you ever wondered why plant catalogs use those seemingly confusing Latin names? You're not alone. Many gardeners and plant enthusiasts find themselves perplexed by the use of scientific names in the gardening world. However, there's a method to this apparent madness.

In this article, we'll explore why plant catalogs rely on Latin names, the benefits of using scientific nomenclature, and how it helps gardeners communicate effectively. So, let's dive into the fascinating world of botanical taxonomy!

The Problem with Common Names

When we think of plants, we often refer to them by their common names, such as "daisy" or "milkweed." However, common names can be misleading. For instance, multiple plants may share the same common name. Or, on the other hand, a single plant can have various common names. This ambiguity makes it challenging to accurately identify and communicate about specific plant species. Imagine asking for a "rock rose" and ending up with an entirely different plant than you expected!

The Birth of Binomial Nomenclature

A Swedish botanist, named Carl  Linnaeus, devised a comprehensive system for naming all living organisms. This system, known as binomial nomenclature, assigns each organism two names that uniquely identify it. The first name represents the genus, while the second name denotes the species. Together, these names create a scientific name that leaves no room for ambiguity. It's similar to a first and last name with people.

For example, the scientific name for the black walnut is Juglans nigra. Here, "Juglans" is the generic name for all walnuts in the Juglans genus, and "nigra" means "black" in Latin. By combining these two names, we can accurately identify the black walnut without any confusion. The English walnut tree is Juglans regia, so we know it's a walnut tree by that first name. And then, regia is Latin for "queen," maybe for the queen of England?

Why Latin?

You might be wondering, why Latin? Latin was not chosen arbitrarily but rather for its historical significance. During the 17th century and earlier, plants were widely used for medicinal purposes. Getting a plant's name wrong could have serious consequences, leading to ineffective treatments or, in some cases, toxic consequences or death. Latin provided a stable and universally understood framework for plant names, transcending geographical and linguistic barriers.

The Role of Varieties and Cultivars

In addition to genus and species names, scientific nomenclature also accommodates variations within plant populations. Observers often notice slight differences in characteristics among individuals of the same species. To account for these variations, scientists use additional terms to denote varieties and cultivars.

Varieties are naturally occurring variations within a species. For example, the Carolina Rose, scientifically known as Rosa carolina, has a double-flowered form, which is referred to as Rosa carolina plena. The term "plena" comes from the Latin word meaning "full." Varieties are typically indicated using the abbreviation "var." So, in this case, it would be written as Rosa carolina var. plena.

Cultivars, on the other hand, are plants that exhibit exceptional characteristics due to human intervention, such as breeding or genetic modification. These plants, along with their genetically identical offspring, are given a cultivar name.

A well-known example is the red-leaved Japanese maple known as "Bloodgood." Its full scientific name is Acer palmatum "Bloodgood." Cultivar names are vital for gardeners as they precisely identify the distinct characteristics of a particular plant. With over 150 cultivars of Japanese maple commercially available, these names play a crucial role in selecting the desired variety.

The Importance of Scientific Names for Gardeners

Scientific names provide accuracy, precision, and clarity in plant identification and communication. Here are a few reasons why gardeners should embrace and use scientific nomenclature:

1. Unambiguous Identification
   Scientific names eliminate confusion and ensure accurate identification of plant species. By using binomial nomenclature, gardeners can be confident that they are referring to the exact plant they intend to discuss or purchase.
2. International Standardization
   Latin, as the language of scientific names, provides a standardized system that transcends language barriers. Plant enthusiasts and professionals worldwide can communicate effectively and share knowledge using the same scientific names.
3. Precision in Plant Selection
   Gardeners often have specific preferences when selecting plants for their gardens. Scientific names help ensure that they acquire the exact plant they desire. With common names, there is a higher chance of confusion and ending up with a different plant than initially intended.
4. Effective Communication With Other Gardeners
   Using scientific names allows gardeners to communicate accurately with fellow enthusiasts, horticulturists, and botanists. It facilitates clear and precise discussions about plant species, characteristics, and cultivation practices, fostering a deeper understanding and exchange of knowledge within the gardening community.

Don't be intimidated by scientific names; instead, consider them tools that enhance your gardening experience. By familiarizing yourself with scientific nomenclature, you'll gain access to a vast array of plant knowledge and join a community of passionate gardeners who share a common language—the language of plants.